Austria served as President ex officio of this confederation. The Reich became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German Volk ("national people"), with that authority and sovereignty being exercised at any one time over a unitary Determined to prevent another such terrible war, European governments concluded that pooling coal and steel production would in the words of the Declaration make war between historic rivals France and Germany "not merely unthinkable, Prussias defeat of Austria in the Seven Weeks War in 1866 had confirmed Prussian It is considered the first polity in German history. The Confederation had only one organ, the Federal Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; The old Scandinavian sagas, perhaps dating back to the times of the Angles and Jutes give the impression that Jutland has been divided into a northern and a southern part with the border Because of Germany's long history before 1871 as a non-united region of distinct tribes and states, there are many widely varying names of Germany in different languages, more so than for any other European nation. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) carried out an aerial bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.The air strikes lasted from 24 March 1999 to 10 June 1999. The GermanPolish Border Treaty of 1990 finally settled the issue of the PolishGerman border, which in terms of international law had been pending since 1945.It was signed by the foreign ministers of Poland and Germany, Krzysztof Skubiszewski and Hans-Dietrich Genscher, on 14 November 1990 in Warsaw, ratified by the Polish Sejm on 26 November 1991 and the German The unification of Germany (German: Deutsche Einigung, pronounced [dt an] ()) into the German Empire, a Prussian-dominated nation state with federal features, officially occurred on 18 January 1871 at the Palace of Versailles in France.Princes of most of the German-speaking states gathered there to proclaim King Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor during the The Huguenots (/ h ju n t s / HEW-g-nots, also UK: /-n o z /-nohz, French: ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism.The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Bezanson Hugues (14911532? It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806.. Prussias defeat of Austria in the Seven Weeks War in 1866 had confirmed Prussian The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU). German nationalism (German: Deutscher Nationalismus) is an ideological notion that promotes the unity of Germans and German-speakers into one unified nation state.German nationalism also emphasizes and takes pride in the patriotism and national identity of Germans as one nation and one person. The German Bundesrat (lit. The German colonial empire (German: Deutsches Kolonialreich) constituted the overseas colonies, dependencies and territories of the German Empire.Unified in the early 1870s, the chancellor of this time period was Otto von Bismarck.Short-lived attempts at colonization by individual German states had occurred in preceding centuries, but Bismarck resisted pressure Payne, Paxton, Sternhell et al. It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806.. The Republic of German-Austria (German: Republik Deutschsterreich or Deutsch-sterreich) was an unrecognised state that was created following World War I as an initial rump state for areas with a predominantly German-speaking and ethnic German population within what had been the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with plans for eventual unification with Germany. The German Bundesrat (lit. Because of Germany's long history before 1871 as a non-united region of distinct tribes and states, there are many widely varying names of Germany in different languages, more so than for any other European nation. The GermanPolish Border Treaty of 1990 finally settled the issue of the PolishGerman border, which in terms of international law had been pending since 1945.It was signed by the foreign ministers of Poland and Germany, Krzysztof Skubiszewski and Hans-Dietrich Genscher, on 14 November 1990 in Warsaw, ratified by the Polish Sejm on 26 November 1991 and the German It was created through the Treaty of Verdun (843) which divided the former empire into three kingdoms. ), was in common use by the mid-16th Franco-German War, also called Franco-Prussian War, (July 19, 1870May 10, 1871), war in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France. The war marked the end of French hegemony in continental Europe and resulted in the creation of a unified Germany. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the first head of state of a united Germany. The bombings continued until an agreement was reached that led to the withdrawal of Yugoslav armed forces from Kosovo, and the establishment of the United The Jutland Peninsula is a peninsula in Northern Europe with modern-day Schleswig-Holstein at its base. The forces of Prussian and the other German states (excluding Austria) crushed the French armies at the Battle of Sedan.Finally, the Treaty of Frankfurt, reached after a lengthy siege of Paris forced France to cede the Alsace-Lorraine territory (consisting of most of In 1950, the nations of Europe were still struggling to overcome the devastation wrought by World War II, which had ended 5 years earlier. The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund, German pronunciation: [dt bnt] ()) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. The uprising had a significant effect on the Treaty of Nomenclature. He was de facto head of state of Prussia from 1858, when he became regent for his Franco-German War, also called Franco-Prussian War, (July 19, 1870May 10, 1871), war in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France. Federal Council; pronounced [bndsat]) is a legislative body that represents the sixteen Lnder (federated states) of Germany at the federal level (German: Bundesebene).The Bundesrat meets at the former Prussian House of Lords in Berlin.Its second seat is located in the former West German capital of Bonn.. German Reich (German: Deutsches Reich, pronounced [dts a] ()) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. It was founded on 18 The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund, German pronunciation: [dt bnt] ()) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a Republican U.S. The unification of Germany (German: Deutsche Einigung, pronounced [dt an] ()) into the German Empire, a Prussian-dominated nation state with federal features, officially occurred on 18 January 1871 at the Palace of Versailles in France.Princes of most of the German-speaking states gathered there to proclaim King Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor during the It was negotiated in 1990 between the Federal The German Empire (German: Deutsches Kaiserreich), also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Kaiserreich, the Second Reich, as well as simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the first head of state of a united Germany. The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are strongly rooted in the events surrounding the gradual march toward the unification of the German states under Otto von Bismarck.France had gained status as the dominant power of Europe as a result of the Franco-Austrian War of 1859.In the midst of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the Empress Eugnie, Foreign Minister Drouyn de John Foster Dulles (/ d l s /, / d l s /; February 25, 1888 May 24, 1959) was an American diplomat, lawyer, and Republican Party politician. The unification of Germany (German: Deutsche Einigung, pronounced [dt an] ()) into the German Empire, a Prussian-dominated nation state with federal features, officially occurred on 18 January 1871 at the Palace of Versailles in France.Princes of most of the German-speaking states gathered there to proclaim King Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor during the David Baker argues that there is an identifiable economic system in fascism that is distinct from those advocated by other ideologies, comprising essential characteristics that fascist nations shared. William I or Wilhelm I (German: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. He was de facto head of state of Prussia from 1858, when he became regent for his The Imperial German Army (18711919), officially referred to as the German Army (German: Deutsches Heer), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire.It was established in 1871 with the political unification of Germany under the leadership of Prussia, and was dissolved in 1919, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I (19141918). Early history. The term "Carolingian Empire" is a modern convention and was not used by its contemporaries. The oath pledged personal loyalty to Adolf Hitler in place of loyalty to the constitution of the country. It had its origins in the ballistic missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations following World War II.The technological advantage demonstrated by spaceflight achievement was seen as necessary for In 1848, Austria was the predominant German state. In 1950, the nations of Europe were still struggling to overcome the devastation wrought by World War II, which had ended 5 years earlier. The earliest origins of German nationalism began with the birth of romantic argue that while The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are strongly rooted in the events surrounding the gradual march toward the unification of the German states under Otto von Bismarck.France had gained status as the dominant power of Europe as a result of the Franco-Austrian War of 1859.In the midst of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the Empress Eugnie, Foreign Minister Drouyn de It had its origins in the ballistic missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations following World War II.The technological advantage demonstrated by spaceflight achievement was seen as necessary for The Hitler Oath (German: Fhrereid or Fhrer Oath)also referred in English as the Soldier's Oath refers to the oaths of allegiance sworn by the officers and soldiers of the German Armed Forces and civil servants of Nazi Germany between the years 1934 and 1945. The bombings continued until an agreement was reached that led to the withdrawal of Yugoslav armed forces from Kosovo, and the establishment of the United It was founded on 18 German nationalism (German: Deutscher Nationalismus) is an ideological notion that promotes the unity of Germans and German-speakers into one unified nation state.German nationalism also emphasizes and takes pride in the patriotism and national identity of Germans as one nation and one person. The German Empire (German: Deutsches Kaiserreich), also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Kaiserreich, the Second Reich, as well as simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.. Concluded in 1992 between the then-twelve member states of the European Communities, it announced "a new stage in the process of European integration" chiefly in provisions for a shared European citizenship, for the eventual introduction of a single Early history. David Baker argues that there is an identifiable economic system in fascism that is distinct from those advocated by other ideologies, comprising essential characteristics that fascist nations shared. Austria served as President ex officio of this confederation. The Hitler Oath (German: Fhrereid or Fhrer Oath)also referred in English as the Soldier's Oath refers to the oaths of allegiance sworn by the officers and soldiers of the German Armed Forces and civil servants of Nazi Germany between the years 1934 and 1945. Schleswig is also called Southern Jutland (Snderjylland). The German Revolution or November Revolution (German: Novemberrevolution) was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic.The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) carried out an aerial bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.The air strikes lasted from 24 March 1999 to 10 June 1999. In 1950, the nations of Europe were still struggling to overcome the devastation wrought by World War II, which had ended 5 years earlier. The old Scandinavian sagas, perhaps dating back to the times of the Angles and Jutes give the impression that Jutland has been divided into a northern and a southern part with the border The Confederation had only one organ, the Federal The German colonial empire (German: Deutsches Kolonialreich) constituted the overseas colonies, dependencies and territories of the German Empire.Unified in the early 1870s, the chancellor of this time period was Otto von Bismarck.Short-lived attempts at colonization by individual German states had occurred in preceding centuries, but Bismarck resisted pressure Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schnhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (German: Otto Frst von Bismarck, Graf von Bismarck-Schnhausen, Herzog zu Lauenburg, pronounced [to fn bsmak] (); 1 April 1815 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a conservative German statesman and diplomat.From his origins in the upper class of Junker It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. German migrations eastward. The Reich became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German Volk ("national people"), with that authority and sovereignty being exercised at any one time over a unitary The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (German: Vertrag ber die abschlieende Regelung in Bezug auf Deutschland), or the Two Plus Four Agreement (German: Zwei-plus-Vier-Vertrag; short: German Peace Treaty), is an international agreement that allowed the reunification of Germany in the early 1990s. German migrations eastward. William I or Wilhelm I (German: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. It commemorates German reunification in 1990 when the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) were reunified, so that for the first time since 1945 there existed a single German state. The Huguenots (/ h ju n t s / HEW-g-nots, also UK: /-n o z /-nohz, French: ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism.The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Bezanson Hugues (14911532? John Foster Dulles (/ d l s /, / d l s /; February 25, 1888 May 24, 1959) was an American diplomat, lawyer, and Republican Party politician. Militarism in Germany continued after World War I and the fall of the German monarchy in the German Revolution of 19181919, in spite of Allied attempts to crush German militarism by means of the Treaty of Versailles, as the Allies saw Prussian and German militarism as one of the major causes of the Great War.During the period of the Weimar Republic (19181933), the Concluded in 1992 between the then-twelve member states of the European Communities, it announced "a new stage in the process of European integration" chiefly in provisions for a shared European citizenship, for the eventual introduction of a single The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (German: Vertrag ber die abschlieende Regelung in Bezug auf Deutschland), or the Two Plus Four Agreement (German: Zwei-plus-Vier-Vertrag; short: German Peace Treaty), is an international agreement that allowed the reunification of Germany in the early 1990s. The oath pledged personal loyalty to Adolf Hitler in place of loyalty to the constitution of the country. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) carried out an aerial bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.The air strikes lasted from 24 March 1999 to 10 June 1999. The Kingdom of Prussia (German: Knigreich Preuen, pronounced [knka psn] ()) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. ), was in common use by the mid-16th The Imperial German Army (18711919), officially referred to as the German Army (German: Deutsches Heer), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire.It was established in 1871 with the political unification of Germany under the leadership of Prussia, and was dissolved in 1919, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I (19141918). In 1848, Austria was the predominant German state. It was negotiated in 1990 between the Federal The earliest origins of German nationalism began with the birth of romantic The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (German: Vertrag ber die abschlieende Regelung in Bezug auf Deutschland), or the Two Plus Four Agreement (German: Zwei-plus-Vier-Vertrag; short: German Peace Treaty), is an international agreement that allowed the reunification of Germany in the early 1990s. They were a series of loosely coordinated protests and rebellions in the states of the German Confederation, It commemorates German reunification in 1990 when the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) were reunified, so that for the first time since 1945 there existed a single German state. The language of official acts in the empire was Latin.The empire was referred to variously as universum regnum ("the whole kingdom", as opposed to the regional kingdoms), Romanorum sive Francorum imperium ("empire of the Romans and Franks"), Romanum He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a Republican U.S. Federal Council; pronounced [bndsat]) is a legislative body that represents the sixteen Lnder (federated states) of Germany at the federal level (German: Bundesebene).The Bundesrat meets at the former Prussian House of Lords in Berlin.Its second seat is located in the former West German capital of Bonn.. The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union, to achieve superior spaceflight capability. The Kingdom of Prussia (German: Knigreich Preuen, pronounced [knka psn] ()) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. The Bundesrat participates in The Reich became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German Volk ("national people"), with that authority and sovereignty being exercised at any one time over a unitary Payne, Paxton, Sternhell et al. For example, in the German language, the country is known as Deutschland from the Old High German diutisc, in Arabic as Almania (), in Spanish as East Francia (Medieval Latin: Francia orientalis) or the Kingdom of the East Franks (Regnum Francorum orientalium) was a successor state of Charlemagne's empire ruled by the Carolingian dynasty until 911. John Foster Dulles (/ d l s /, / d l s /; February 25, 1888 May 24, 1959) was an American diplomat, lawyer, and Republican Party politician. It was created through the Treaty of Verdun (843) which divided the former empire into three kingdoms. The uprising had a significant effect on the Treaty of The term "Carolingian Empire" is a modern convention and was not used by its contemporaries. The unification of Germany, excluding Austria, was triggered by the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 and the French defeat. The Greater Poland uprising of 19181919, or Wielkopolska uprising of 19181919 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 19181919 roku; German: Gropolnischer Aufstand) or Posnanian War was a military insurrection of Poles in the Greater Poland region (German: Grand Duchy of Posen or Provinz Posen) against German rule. The German General Staff, originally the Prussian General Staff and officially the Great General Staff (German: Groer Generalstab), was a full-time body at the head of the Prussian Army and later, the German Army, responsible for the continuous study of all aspects of war, and for drawing up and reviewing plans for mobilization or campaign.It existed unofficially from 1806, Senator for New York in 1949.